Sindh is one of the distinct geographical, national territories occupied by the Punjab in the name of Pakistan. It is in the southeast of the Punjab on Pakistani map. Historically home to the historic Sindhi nation and Indus civilization, it has been known as the independent country of Sindhudesh, it is also locally known as the valley of Mehran.
Occupied Sindh has Pakistan’s second largest economy. Sindh’s capital, Karachi hosts the headquarters of several national banks. Sindh is home to a large portion of Pakistan’s industrial sector as well. Occupied Sindh contains two of Pakistan’s commercial seaports – Port Bin Qasim and the Port of Karachi. The remainder of Sindh has an agriculture based economy, and produces fruit and vegetables for consumption of other parts. Sindh is also the center of Pakistan’s pharmaceutical industry.
Sindh is bordered by Balochistan occupied territory to the west, and Punjab to the north. Sindh also borders the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to the east, and Arabian Sea to the south. Sindh’s landscape consists mostly of alluvial plains flanking the Indus River, the Thar Desert in the eastern portion of Sindh closest to the border with India, and the Kirthar Mountains in the western part of Sindh. Sindh’s climate is noted for hot summers and mild winters. The capital of occupied Sindh is Pakistan’s largest city and financial hub, Karachi.
Occupied Sindh, contrary to the religious orthodox Punjab and its doctrine theocratic state system called Pakistan, is known for its distinct culture which is strongly influenced by Sufism, pluralism and trans-religious coexistence. Several important Sufi shrines are located throughout the province which attracts millions of annual devotees. Occupied Sindh also has Pakistan’s highest percentage of Hindu residents. Sindh’s capital, Karachi, flushed with engineered influx of non-Sindhi settlers, is Pakistan’s most ethnically diverse city, with Muhajirs, or descendants of those who migrated to Pakistan from India in 1947, making up the majority of the population. The city has seen ethnic tensions boil over into violence on several occasions. Sindh is home to two UNESCO world heritage sites – the Historical Monuments at Makli, and the Archaeological Ruins at Mohenjo-Daro, the heart and first democratic secular city state of Indus civilization.
Sindh has the 2nd highest Human Development Index out of all of Pakistan’s provinces at 0.628. The 1998 Census of Pakistan indicated a population of 30.4 million. According to 2011 estimates the population of Sindh increased 81.5% to a total of 55.24 million since the census of 1998. Sindh was the second largest gainer of population after Balochistan during this period. Just under half of the population are urban dwellers, mainly found in Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Mirpurkhas, Nawabshah District, Umerkot and Larkana.
Sindhis of Balochi origins make up about 30% of the total Sindhi population (they however speak Sindhi Saraiki as their native tongue), while Urdu-speaking Muhajirs make up over 19% of the total population of the province while Punjabi are 10% and Pashtuns settler, represent 7% (according 1998 Census of Pakistan) but influx of outsiders from other provinces as well as countries has significantly increased in past two decades. Millions of refugees from war-torn Afghanistan, Burma and Bangladesh are excluded from this figure.
Occupied Sindh has the second largest economy in terms of production of Pakistan (as figured by federal govt. figures which Sindhis have always doubted) because the provider of largest share of crude substances, minerals has seen no industrial development under Pakistani occupation and all these mineral are taken to Punjab where the 80% of the industries are built and hence Punjab is engineered to become the first largest economy of Pakistan. Despite this all, historically, Sindh’s contribution to Pakistan’s GDP has been between 30% to 32.7%. Its share in the service sector has ranged from 21% to 27.8% and in the agriculture sector from 21.4% to 27.7%. Performance wise, its